Assessing Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis Case Detection in Wassa Amenfi West Municipal, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading public health threat, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where delayed case detection contributes significantly to disease transmission and mortality. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic tools and treatment, Ghana continues to face challenges in early TB case identification. This study assessed the knowledge levels of healthcare workers regarding TB case detection in Wassa Amenfi West Municipal, Ghana.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, targeting 146 healthcare workers across various facilities. Stratified random sampling ensured representation among physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, and public health officers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing knowledge on TB symptoms, transmission, diagnostic methods, and detection practices. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and regression models to determine associations between knowledge levels and demographic factors.

Results: The findings revealed significant knowledge gaps among healthcare workers. While 88.4% correctly identified airborne transmission, 31% erroneously believed TB is caused by a virus. Years of experience and educational level were significantly associated with knowledge of TB symptoms and case detection procedures (p < 0.05). Most respondents (65.1%) rated their knowledge and confidence as moderate. Regression analysis indicated that employment status and professional role significantly influenced the choice of diagnostic samples, while higher education correlated positively with TB knowledge. A concerning 73% believed it was not possible to distinguish between active and latent TB using symptoms and standard diagnostic tests.

Conclusion: Although healthcare workers in Wassa Amenfi West Municipal demonstrate general awareness of TB transmission and symptoms, critical misconceptions persist. Professional role, education, and years of experience significantly affect knowledge and detection practices. Strengthening training programs, standardizing diagnostic protocols, and fostering inter-professional collaboration are essential for improving TB case detection and ultimately reducing transmission.