Green Growth and Sustainable Development: Economic Strategies for a Low-Carbon Future

Abstract

The transition to a low-carbon economy represents one of the most significant economic transformations of the 21st century, requiring fundamental changes in production systems, consumption patterns, and policy frameworks. This paper examines the concept of green growth as a pathway to sustainable development, analyzing economic strategies that can facilitate the transition to a low-carbon future while maintaining economic prosperity. Through a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this study explores the mechanisms through which economies can decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. The analysis reveals that successful green growth strategies require coordinated policy interventions, including carbon pricing mechanisms, green fiscal policies, sustainable finance frameworks, and innovation support systems. While challenges remain regarding the feasibility of absolute decoupling and the pace of transformation required, evidence suggests that well-designed green growth strategies can deliver both environmental and economic benefits. The paper concludes that achieving sustainable development goals requires a paradigm shift toward circular economic models, supported by appropriate institutional frameworks and international cooperation.