mRNA Therapeutics Beyond COVID-19 Vaccines: Expanding Horizons in Precision Medicine and Disease Modulation
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Abstract
The BioNTech/Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines achieved success has never been so successful before, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) has proven itself to be a highly versatile and powerful platform in modern medicine. This breakthrough established the safety, efficacy and scalability of the mRNA-based interventions and the intensive research on their possible use beyond infectious diseases. Recent advances in mRNA engineering, nucleoside modification, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems have transformed stability of mRNA, translation activity and local delivery on which the foundation of future generation therapeutic is based. The technology of mRNA is now applied to the clinical uses of precise medicine through mRNA vaccines in order to induce tumor specific anticancer immunotherapy; genetic disease, where mRNA vaccine is used to induce tissue regeneration and angiogenesis; and autoimmune regulation where mRNA technology is used to regenerate the immune tolerance. Also, mRNA is necessary to execute the CRISPR-based gene editing and enables the delivery of gene-editing elements to cells in a temporary and controllable manner to repair pathogenic mutations. All these developments lead to the future of mRNA as a therapy and preventive and control agent against complicated diseases, which are too specific and adaptable. The review will look at the revolutionary process of mRNA therapeutics beyond COVID 19 vaccines, the revolutionary change in technology, therapeutic use and future opportunities that lead to the centre of cancer precision and targeted therapy with mRNA.
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